Nobel Prize

• The Nobel Prize is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden.

• Every year since 1901 the Nobel Prize has been awarded for achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for peace.

• In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.

• The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway, while the other prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden.

• Noble Prize is not awarded posthumously; however, if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize may still be presented.A prize may not be shared among more than three people.

• Each recipient, or laureate, receives a gold medal, a Diploma,  and a sum of money which depends on the Noble Foundation's income that year.

• In 2011, each prize was worth SEK(Swedish Krona)10 million (US$1.45 million, €1.15 million)

 Nomination and Selection of Nobel Laureates

Each year the respective Nobel Committees send individual invitations to thousands of members of academies, university professors, scientists from numerous countries, previous Nobel Laureates, members of parliamentary assemblies and others, asking them to submit candidates for the Nobel Prizes for the coming year.

 

Award Ceremonies

Apart from the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The highlight of the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm occurs when each Nobel Laureate steps forward to receive the prize from the hands of the King of Sweden.

In Oslo, the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway.

Medals

The medals for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature have identical obverses, showing the image of Alfred Nobel and the years of his birth and death. Nobel's portrait also appears on the obverse of the Peace Prize medal and the medal for the Economics Prize, but with a slightly different design. All medals made before 1980 were struck in 23 carat gold. Since then they have been struck in 18 carat green gold  plated with 24 carat gold. 

Diplomas

The diploma contains a picture and text which states the name of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received the prize. None of the Nobel Peace Prize laureates has ever had a citation on their diplomas

1)NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 2011

Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf(current President of Liberia), Leymah Gbowee(is an African Peace Activist responsible for organising a peace movement  that brought an end to the 2ns Liberian Civil War in 2003) and Tawakkul Karman(Yemeni Journalist and Human Rights Activist who heads the group Women Journalists Without Chains, which she co-founded in 2005) for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work".

2011 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Yemeni activist Tawakkol Karman poses with her medal and certificate during the Nobel Peace Prize award ceremony at the city hall in Oslo .Karman, 32, is first ever Arab woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize and is a leading figure in Yemen's 'Arab Spring' uprising that pushed Saleh to agree to leave power.

2) Nobel Prize in Literature 2011

Swedish poet and author Tomas Transtroemer was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in literature for his surrealistic works about the mysteries of the human mind

 

3)Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011

Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman won the 2011 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery of quasi crystals, a mosaic-like chemical structure that researchers previously thought was impossible

 

4)Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 was divided, one half awarded to Saul Perlmutter( an American astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California), the other half jointly to Brian P. Schmidt(an Australian Astrophyscists) and Adam G. Riess(an American Astrophyscists)"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae".

5)Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A Beutler(currently Director of the Center for the Genetics,University of Texas and Professor and Chairman of the Department of Genetics at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla,California,USA) and Jules A Hoffman(research director and member of the board of administrators of the National Center of Scientific Research in Strasbourg,France) "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M Steinman(a Canadian immunologist and cell biologist at Rockefeller University, Manhattan,New York City,USA)  "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2011

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011 was awarded jointly to Thomas J. Sargent(an American economist, specializing in the fields of macroeconomics, monetary economics and time series ecnometrics) and Christopher A. Sims(an ecnometrician and macroeconomist and currently  the Harold B. Helms Professor of Economics and Banking at Princeton University,New Jersy,USA) "for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"