NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE
The medicine prize, the first of the 2013 awards, honored breakthroughs in understanding how key substances are moved around within a cell. That process happens through vesicles, tiny bubbles that deliver their cargo within a cell to the right place at the right time. Disturbances in the delivery system can lead to neurological diseases, diabetes or immunological disorders
The prize was shared by Americans James E. Rothman of Yale and Randy W. Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley; and German-American Dr. Thomas C. Sudhof of the Stanford University School of Medicine
James Rothman, Randy Schekman and Thomas Sudhof jointly won the 2013 Nobel Prize For Physiology or Medicine
The trio earned the prize for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic and for solving "the mystery of how the cell organizes its transport system,"
NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
The physics prize was awarded for a theory about how subatomic particles get their mass. The theory made headlines last year when it was confirmed at the CERN laboratory in Geneva by the discovery of the elusive Higgs particle
The prize was shared by two men who proposed the theory independently of each other in 1964: Peter Higgs of Britain and Francois Englert of Belgium
Peter Higgs(Britain) and Francois Englert(Belgium)have won the 2013 Nobel Prize for physics on Tuesday Oct 8,2013 for predicting the existence of the Higgs boson particle that explains how elementary matter attained the mass to form stars and planets
Higgs' and Englert's work shows how elementary particles inside atoms gain mass by interacting with an invisible field pervading all of space - and the more they interact, the heavier they become. The particle associated with the field is the Higgs boson
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the prize went to Higgs and Englert for work fundamental to describing how the universe is constructed
Chairman Gunnar Ingelman, left, permanent secretary Staffan Normark, centre, and board member Olga Botner of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announce award of 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics to Briton Peter Higgs and Belgian Francois Englert, during a press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm on Tuesday Oct 8,2013
NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
The chemistry prize was given to three U.S.-based scientists for developing computer models that predict complex chemical reactions that can be used for tasks like creating new drugs. Their approach combined classical physics and quantum physics
The winners are Martin Karplus of
the University of Strasbourg, France, and Harvard University; Michael
Levitt of the Stanford University School of Medicine, and Arieh Warshel
of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles
Chairman Sven Lidin (L-R), permanent secretary Staffan Normark and professor Gunnar Karlstrom of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announce the winners of the 2013 Nobel Prize for Chemistry at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm October 9, 2013
Three U.S. scientists won the 2013 Nobel Prize for chemistry on Wednesday for laying the foundations for development of computers to understand complex chemical processes from the purification of exhaust fumes to photosynthesis
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said in a statement, when awarding the prize of 8 million crowns ($1.25 million), that Arieh Warshel,Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus had pioneered the use of computer models that mirror chemical reactions.
The work helps in complex processes such as the development of drugs
NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE
The literature prize was given to Canada's Alice Munro, hailed by the award-giving Swedish Academy as a "master of the contemporary short story."
Alice Munro,the 82-year-old author is often called "Canada's Chekhov" for her astute, unflinching and compassionate depiction of seemingly unremarkable lives. She is the author of a series of story collections chronicling the lives of girls and women before and after the 1960s social revolution, including "The Moons of Jupiter," 'The Progress of Love" and "Runaway."
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons wins the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has been awarded the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize
Awarding the prestigious medal the Nobel Norwegian Nobel Committee said -
"Recent events in Syria, where chemical weapons have again been put to use, have underlined the need to enhance the efforts to do away with such weapons. Some states are still not members of the OPCW. Certain states have not observed the deadline, which was April 2012, for destroying their chemical weapons. This applies especially to the USA and Russia."
Note
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons(OPCW)
OPCW has been working since the 1990s as the body that implements the
Chemical Weapons Convention, the first international treaty to outlaw an
entire class of weapons.
The convention prohibits the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons. It came into force in 1997 and has been ratified by 189 states.
The OPCW is an Intergovernmental Organization located in The Hague,Netherlands and has 189 member states and is led by General Director Ahmet Üzümcü.
The organisation promotes and verifies the adherence to the Chemical Weapons Convention which prohibits of the use of chemical weapons and requires their destruction
The verification consists both of evaluation of declarations by members states and on-site inspections.
Of those, seven — Albania, India, Iraq, Libya, Russia and the United States, along with a country identified by the OPCW only as "a State Party" but widely believed to be South Korea — have declared stockpiles of chemical weapons. These include mustard gas and nerve agents like sarin and VX.
The OPCW has conducted more than 5,000 inspections in 86 countries.
According to its statistics, 57,740 metric tons, or 81.1 percent, of the world's declared stockpile of chemical agents have been verifiably destroyed.
Albania, India and "a third country" — believed to be South Korea — have completed destruction of their declared stockpiles. An OPCW report released earlier this year said the United States had destroyed about 90 percent of its stockpile, Russia had destroyed 70 percent and Libya 51 percent.
Thirteen OPCW members have also declared a total of 70 chemical weapons production facilities
2013 Nobel Prize for Economics
The prize is worth 8m Swedish krona (£775,000; $1.2m), which will be shared equally among the three winners.
Eugene Fama from the University of Chicago was praised for demonstrating that share prices are extremely difficult to predict in the short run, with new information quickly incorporated into prices.
Lars Peter Hansen, also from the University of Chicago, was awarded the prize for his development of a statistical method that was able to test theories on asset pricing.
Robert Shiller, from Yale University, was included for his 1980s discovery that stock prices fluctuate much more than corporate dividends.
The medicine prize, the first of the 2013 awards, honored breakthroughs in understanding how key substances are moved around within a cell. That process happens through vesicles, tiny bubbles that deliver their cargo within a cell to the right place at the right time. Disturbances in the delivery system can lead to neurological diseases, diabetes or immunological disorders
The prize was shared by Americans James E. Rothman of Yale and Randy W. Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley; and German-American Dr. Thomas C. Sudhof of the Stanford University School of Medicine
The trio earned the prize for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic and for solving "the mystery of how the cell organizes its transport system,"
NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
The physics prize was awarded for a theory about how subatomic particles get their mass. The theory made headlines last year when it was confirmed at the CERN laboratory in Geneva by the discovery of the elusive Higgs particle
The prize was shared by two men who proposed the theory independently of each other in 1964: Peter Higgs of Britain and Francois Englert of Belgium
Peter Higgs(Britain) and Francois Englert(Belgium)have won the 2013 Nobel Prize for physics on Tuesday Oct 8,2013 for predicting the existence of the Higgs boson particle that explains how elementary matter attained the mass to form stars and planets
Higgs' and Englert's work shows how elementary particles inside atoms gain mass by interacting with an invisible field pervading all of space - and the more they interact, the heavier they become. The particle associated with the field is the Higgs boson
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the prize went to Higgs and Englert for work fundamental to describing how the universe is constructed
Chairman Gunnar Ingelman, left, permanent secretary Staffan Normark, centre, and board member Olga Botner of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announce award of 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics to Briton Peter Higgs and Belgian Francois Englert, during a press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm on Tuesday Oct 8,2013
NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
The chemistry prize was given to three U.S.-based scientists for developing computer models that predict complex chemical reactions that can be used for tasks like creating new drugs. Their approach combined classical physics and quantum physics
Chairman Sven Lidin (L-R), permanent secretary Staffan Normark and professor Gunnar Karlstrom of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announce the winners of the 2013 Nobel Prize for Chemistry at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm October 9, 2013
Three U.S. scientists won the 2013 Nobel Prize for chemistry on Wednesday for laying the foundations for development of computers to understand complex chemical processes from the purification of exhaust fumes to photosynthesis
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said in a statement, when awarding the prize of 8 million crowns ($1.25 million), that Arieh Warshel,Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus had pioneered the use of computer models that mirror chemical reactions.
The work helps in complex processes such as the development of drugs
NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE
The literature prize was given to Canada's Alice Munro, hailed by the award-giving Swedish Academy as a "master of the contemporary short story."
Alice Munro,the 82-year-old author is often called "Canada's Chekhov" for her astute, unflinching and compassionate depiction of seemingly unremarkable lives. She is the author of a series of story collections chronicling the lives of girls and women before and after the 1960s social revolution, including "The Moons of Jupiter," 'The Progress of Love" and "Runaway."
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons wins the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize
Awarding the prestigious medal the Nobel Norwegian Nobel Committee said -
"Recent events in Syria, where chemical weapons have again been put to use, have underlined the need to enhance the efforts to do away with such weapons. Some states are still not members of the OPCW. Certain states have not observed the deadline, which was April 2012, for destroying their chemical weapons. This applies especially to the USA and Russia."
Note
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons(OPCW)
The convention prohibits the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons. It came into force in 1997 and has been ratified by 189 states.
The OPCW is an Intergovernmental Organization located in The Hague,Netherlands and has 189 member states and is led by General Director Ahmet Üzümcü.
The organisation promotes and verifies the adherence to the Chemical Weapons Convention which prohibits of the use of chemical weapons and requires their destruction
The verification consists both of evaluation of declarations by members states and on-site inspections.
Of those, seven — Albania, India, Iraq, Libya, Russia and the United States, along with a country identified by the OPCW only as "a State Party" but widely believed to be South Korea — have declared stockpiles of chemical weapons. These include mustard gas and nerve agents like sarin and VX.
The OPCW has conducted more than 5,000 inspections in 86 countries.
According to its statistics, 57,740 metric tons, or 81.1 percent, of the world's declared stockpile of chemical agents have been verifiably destroyed.
Albania, India and "a third country" — believed to be South Korea — have completed destruction of their declared stockpiles. An OPCW report released earlier this year said the United States had destroyed about 90 percent of its stockpile, Russia had destroyed 70 percent and Libya 51 percent.
Thirteen OPCW members have also declared a total of 70 chemical weapons production facilities
2013 Nobel Prize for Economics
The
2013 Nobel Prize in economics has been awarded to Eugene Fama, Lars
Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller.for their "empirical analysis of asset
prices", according to the awarding committee
Eugene Fama from the University of Chicago was praised for demonstrating that share prices are extremely difficult to predict in the short run, with new information quickly incorporated into prices.
Lars Peter Hansen, also from the University of Chicago, was awarded the prize for his development of a statistical method that was able to test theories on asset pricing.
Robert Shiller, from Yale University, was included for his 1980s discovery that stock prices fluctuate much more than corporate dividends.
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