Chandrayaan-2
is the 110th space mission to the moon, and the 11th this decade.
A bulk of the moon missions, 90 out of the 109 so far, were sent between 1958 and 1976.
These are the missions in which the spacecraft passed near the moon but did not get into an orbit around the moon. These were either designed to study the moon from a distance, or were on their way to some other planetary body or deep space exploration and happened to pass by the moon. Some early examples of flyby missions were Pioneer 3 and 4 by the United States and Luna 3 of the then USSR.
Orbiters
These were spacecraft that were designed to get into a lunar orbit and carry out prolonged studies of the moon’s surface and atmosphere. India’s Chandrayaan-1 was an Orbiter, so were 46 other moon missions from various countries. Orbiter missions are the most common way to study a planetary body. So far, landings have been possible only on moon and Mars. All other planetary bodies have been studied through Orbiter or flyby missions.
Impact Mission
These are an extension of orbiter missions. While the main spacecraft keeps going around the moon, one or more instruments onboard make an uncontrolled landing on the moon. They get destroyed after the impact, but still send some useful information about the moon while on their way. One of the instruments on Chandrayaan-1, called Moon Impact Probe, or MIP, was also made to crash land on the moon’s surface in a similar way. ISRO claims that data sent by the MIP had presented additional evidence of presence of water on moon, but these findings could not be published because of calibration errors.
Landers
These missions involve the soft-landing of the spacecraft on the moon. These are more complicated than the Orbiter missions. In fact, the first 11 attempted lander missions had all ended in failure. The first landing on the moon was accomplished on January 31, 1966, by the Luna 9 spacecraft of the then USSR. It also relayed the first picture from the moon’s surface.
Rovers
These are an extension of the lander missions. The lander spacecraft, because they are bulky and have to stand on legs, remain stationary after landing. The instruments onboard can carry out observations and collect data from close quarters but cannot come in contact with the moon’s surface or move around. Rovers are designed to overcome this difficulty. Rovers are a special wheeled payloads on the lander that can detach themselves from the spacecraft and move around on moon’s surface, collecting very useful information that instruments within the lander would not be able to obtain. The rover onboard Vikram lander in the Chandrayaan-2 mission is called Pragyaan. Earlier this year, a Chinese lander and rover mission reached the moon. These are still active.
Human missions
These involve the landing of astronauts on the moon’s surface. So far only NASA of the United States has been able to land human beings on the moon.
So far,6 teams of 2 astronauts each have landed on the moon, all between 1969 and 1972.
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were taken to the Moon by the Apollo-11 mission in 1969
.
They were the first of the six two-astronaut teams that
landed on the Moon over the next three years.
The last human Moon landing was made by the Apollo 17 mission on April 20, 1972
After that, no attempt has been made to land on the moon.
But NASA has now announced plans to send another manned mission by the year 2024
A bulk of the moon missions, 90 out of the 109 so far, were sent between 1958 and 1976.
Here are the different kinds of moon missions
FlybysThese are the missions in which the spacecraft passed near the moon but did not get into an orbit around the moon. These were either designed to study the moon from a distance, or were on their way to some other planetary body or deep space exploration and happened to pass by the moon. Some early examples of flyby missions were Pioneer 3 and 4 by the United States and Luna 3 of the then USSR.
Orbiters
These were spacecraft that were designed to get into a lunar orbit and carry out prolonged studies of the moon’s surface and atmosphere. India’s Chandrayaan-1 was an Orbiter, so were 46 other moon missions from various countries. Orbiter missions are the most common way to study a planetary body. So far, landings have been possible only on moon and Mars. All other planetary bodies have been studied through Orbiter or flyby missions.
Impact Mission
These are an extension of orbiter missions. While the main spacecraft keeps going around the moon, one or more instruments onboard make an uncontrolled landing on the moon. They get destroyed after the impact, but still send some useful information about the moon while on their way. One of the instruments on Chandrayaan-1, called Moon Impact Probe, or MIP, was also made to crash land on the moon’s surface in a similar way. ISRO claims that data sent by the MIP had presented additional evidence of presence of water on moon, but these findings could not be published because of calibration errors.
Landers
These missions involve the soft-landing of the spacecraft on the moon. These are more complicated than the Orbiter missions. In fact, the first 11 attempted lander missions had all ended in failure. The first landing on the moon was accomplished on January 31, 1966, by the Luna 9 spacecraft of the then USSR. It also relayed the first picture from the moon’s surface.
Rovers
These are an extension of the lander missions. The lander spacecraft, because they are bulky and have to stand on legs, remain stationary after landing. The instruments onboard can carry out observations and collect data from close quarters but cannot come in contact with the moon’s surface or move around. Rovers are designed to overcome this difficulty. Rovers are a special wheeled payloads on the lander that can detach themselves from the spacecraft and move around on moon’s surface, collecting very useful information that instruments within the lander would not be able to obtain. The rover onboard Vikram lander in the Chandrayaan-2 mission is called Pragyaan. Earlier this year, a Chinese lander and rover mission reached the moon. These are still active.
Human missions
These involve the landing of astronauts on the moon’s surface. So far only NASA of the United States has been able to land human beings on the moon.
So far,6 teams of 2 astronauts each have landed on the moon, all between 1969 and 1972.
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were taken to the Moon by the Apollo-11 mission in 1969
.
The last human Moon landing was made by the Apollo 17 mission on April 20, 1972
After that, no attempt has been made to land on the moon.
But NASA has now announced plans to send another manned mission by the year 2024
Who are the people who have walked on the moon?
These are all the astronauts who have taken that giant leap for mankind.
Neil Armstrong – Apollo 11, 1969
Buzz Aldrin – Apollo 11, 1969
Pete Conrad – Apollo 12, 1969
Alan Bean – Apollo 12, 1969
Alan Shepard, Apollo 14, 1971
Edgar Mitchell – Apollo 14, 1971
David Scott – Apollo 15, 1971
James Irwin – Apollo 15, 1971
John Young – Apollo 16, 1972
Charles Duke – Apollo 16, 1972
Gene Cernan – Apollo 17, 1972
Harrison Schmitt – Apollo 17, 1972
Which countries have been on the moon?
Infographic showing which countries have been on the moon
Read more: https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/20/many-people-landed-moon-10430709/?ito=cbshare
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetroUK | Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MetroUK/
Read more: https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/20/many-people-landed-moon-10430709/?ito=cbshare
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetroUK | Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MetroUK/
Who are the people who have walked
on the moon?
These are all the astronauts who have taken that giant leap for
mankind.
1)Neil Armstrong – Apollo 11, 1969
Buzz Aldrin – Apollo 11, 1969
2)Pete Conrad – Apollo 12, 1969 Alan
Bean – Apollo 12, 1969
3)Alan Shepard, Apollo 14, 1971
Edgar Mitchell – Apollo 14, 1971
4)David Scott – Apollo 15, 1971
James Irwin – Apollo 15, 1971
5)John Young – Apollo 16, 1972
Charles Duke – Apollo 16, 1972
6)Gene Cernan – Apollo 17, 1972
Harrison Schmitt – Apollo 17, 1972
Which countries have been on the
moon?
How many people have landed on the moon and who were they?
Read more: https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/20/many-people-landed-moon-10430709/?ito=cbshare
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetroUK | Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MetroUK/
Read more: https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/20/many-people-landed-moon-10430709/?ito=cbshare
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetroUK | Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MetroUK/
How many people have landed on the moon?
In total 12 astronauts have walked on the moon, including Armstrong and Aldrin.
The other 10 who made it to the moon took part in five further Nasa launches, between 1969 and 1972.
Read more: https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/20/many-people-landed-moon-10430709/?ito=cbshare
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetroUK | Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MetroUK/
Read more: https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/20/many-people-landed-moon-10430709/?ito=cbshare
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetroUK | Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MetroUK/
How many people have landed on the moon?
In total 12 astronauts have walked on the moon, including Armstrong and Aldrin.
The other 10 who made it to the moon took part in five further Nasa launches, between 1969 and 1972.
Read more: https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/20/many-people-landed-moon-10430709/?ito=cbshare
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetroUK | Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MetroUK/
Read more: https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/20/many-people-landed-moon-10430709/?ito=cbshare
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetroUK | Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MetroUK/
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