In December 2011, the Govt of India modified the criteria to allow sportspersons to receive the award; since then, the award may be conferred "for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour."
The
recommendations for an award of the "Bharat Ratna" are made by the
Prime Minister of India to the President of India; a maximum of three
awards may be made in a given year
The order to establish the award was given by Rajendra Prasad,President of India on Jan 02,1955
The original statutes of January 1954 did not make allowance for posthumous awards
Posthumous awards provision was added in the January 1966 statute and subsequently, there have been 12 posthumous awards,including the award to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in 1992, which was later withdrawn due to a legal technicality, the only case of an award being withdrawn
There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens
Bharat Ratna has been awarded to -
Mother Theresa iin 1980 -a naturalised Indian citizen and
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan in 1987 -non-Indians
Nelson Mandela in 1990 - non-Indians
The award was briefly suspended from 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980
List of Recipients
Year
|
Recipient
|
Details
|
1954
|
C
Rajagopalachari(1878-1972)
|
Independence
activist, last and the only Indian Governor-General of India
|
C
V Raman(1888-1970)
|
Physicist
from Madras and a Nobel Laureate
|
|
S
Radhakrishnan(1888-1975)
|
Philosopher,
India's First Vice President (1952-1962), and India's Second
President(1962-1967)
|
|
1955
|
Bhagwan Das(1869-1958)
|
Independence
activist and Founder of Kashi Vidya Peeth
|
Mokshagundam
Vishveshwariah(1861-1972)
|
Civil
engineer, Diwan of Mysore
|
|
Jawaharlal
Nehru(1889-1964)
|
Independence
activist and first Prime Minister
|
|
1957
|
Govind
Ballabh Pant(1887-1961)
|
Independence
activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
|
1958
|
Dhondo
Keshav Karve(1858-1962)
|
Educator
and Social Reformer
|
1961
|
Bidhan
Chandra Roy(1882-1962)
|
Physician
and Chief Minister of West Bengal
|
Purushottam
Das Tandon(1882-1962)
|
Independent
activist and Educator
|
|
1962
|
Rajendra
Prasad(1884-1963)
|
Independent
activist,Jurist and First President of India(1950-62)
|
1963
|
Zakir
Hussain(1897-1969)
|
Independent
activist and 3rd President of India(1967-69)
|
Pandurang
Vaman Kane(1880-1972)
|
Indologist
and Sanskrit scholar
|
|
1966
|
Lal
Bahadur Shastri(1904-66)
|
Posthumous,
independence activist, 2nd Prime Minister(1964-66)
|
1971
|
Indira
Gandhi(1917-84)
|
Third
Prime Minister, first female Prime Minister of India (1966-1977,1980-1984)
|
1975
|
V
V Giri(1894-1980)
|
Trade
unionist and fourth President of India(1969-74)
|
1976
|
K
Kamaraj(1903-75)
|
Posthumous,
independence activist, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu State(1954-63)
|
1980
|
Mother
Theresa(1910-97)
|
Catholic
nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta and Nobel Laureate
|
1983
|
Vinoba
Bhave(1895-1982)
|
Posthumous,
social reformer, independence activist
|
1987
|
Khan
Abdul Gaffar Khan(1890-1988)
|
First non-citizen, independence activist
|
1988
|
M
G Ramachandran(1917-87)
|
Posthumous,
film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu(1977-87)
|
1990
|
B
R Ambedkhar(1891-1956)
|
Posthumous,
Chief architect of the Indian Constitution,Crusader against Untouchability,
Dalit Icon, Social Reformer, Historian, politician, economist, and scholar
|
Nelson
Mandela(1918-2013)
|
Second
non-citizen and non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
and Nobel Laureate
|
|
1991
|
Rajiv
Gandhi(1944-91)
|
Posthumous,
Sixth Prime Minister(1984-89)
|
Vallabhbhai
Patel(1875-1950)
|
Posthumous,
independence activist, first Home Minister,Was responsible for unification of
all Indian princely states.
|
|
Morarji
Desai(1896-1995)
|
Independence
activist, fourth Prime Minister(1977-79)
|
|
1992
|
Abul
Kalam Azad(1888-1958)
|
Posthumous,
independence activist, first Minister of Education
|
J
R D Tata(1903-93)
|
Industrialist
and philanthropist
|
|
Satyajit
Ray(1922-92)
|
Bengali
Filmmaker
|
|
1997
|
A
P J Abdul Kalam(DOB Oct 15,1931)
|
Aeronautical
Engineer,11th President of India(2002-07)
|
Gulzarilal
Nanda(1898-1998)
|
Independence
activist, interim Prime Minister(Jan 11-24,1966)
|
|
Aruna
Asaf Ali(1908-96)
|
Posthumous,
independence activist
|
|
1998
|
M
S Subbulakshmi(1916-2004)
|
Carnatic
classical singer
|
C
Subramaniam(1910-2000)
|
Independence
activist, Minister of Agriculture
|
|
Jayaprakash
Narayan(1902-79)
|
Posthumous,
independence activist and politician
|
|
1999
|
Ravi
Shankar(1920-2012)
|
Sitar Player
|
Amartya
Sen(DOB Nov 03,1933)
|
Economist
and Nobel Laureate in 1998
|
|
Gopinath
Bordoloi(1890-1950)
|
Posthumous,
independence activist and 1st Chief Minister of Assam
|
|
2001
|
Lata
Mangeshkar(DOB Sep 28,1929)
|
Playback
Singer
|
Bismillah
Khan(1916-2006)
|
Hindustani
Classical Shehnai Player
|
|
2009
|
BhimsenJoshi(1922-2011)
|
Hindustani
Classical Singer
|
2014
|
Sachin
Tendulkar(DOB April 24,1973)
|
Cricket
Player
|
Dr
C N R Rao(DOB June 30,1934)
|
Scientist
|
|
2015 Madan Mohan Malaviya and
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
2019 Pranab Mukerjee
Bhupen Hazarika and
Nanaji Deshmukh
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