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Monday, February 3, 2014

Bharat Ratna and list of Recipients


Until 2011, the official criteria for awarding the Bharat Ratna stipulated it was to be conferred "for the highest degrees of national service. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as "recognition of public service of the highest order."

 In December 2011, the Govt of India modified the criteria to allow sportspersons to receive the award; since then, the award may be conferred "for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour."


The recommendations for an award of the "Bharat Ratna" are made by the Prime Minister of India to the President of India; a maximum of three awards may be made in a given year

The order to establish the award was given by  Rajendra Prasad,President of India on Jan 02,1955

The original statutes of January 1954 did not make allowance for  posthumous awards

Posthumous awards provision was added in the January 1966 statute and subsequently, there have been 12 posthumous awards,including the award to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in 1992, which was later withdrawn due to a legal technicality, the only case of an award being withdrawn

There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens

Bharat Ratna has been awarded to -
Mother Theresa iin 1980 -a naturalised Indian citizen and
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan in 1987 -non-Indians
Nelson Mandela in 1990 - non-Indians

The award was briefly suspended from 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980



List of Recipients



Year
Recipient
Details
1954
C Rajagopalachari(1878-1972)
Independence activist, last and the only Indian Governor-General of India

C V Raman(1888-1970)
Physicist from Madras and a Nobel Laureate

S Radhakrishnan(1888-1975)
Philosopher, India's First Vice President (1952-1962), and India's Second President(1962-1967)
1955
Bhagwan Das(1869-1958)
Independence activist and Founder of Kashi Vidya Peeth

Mokshagundam Vishveshwariah(1861-1972)
Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore

Jawaharlal Nehru(1889-1964)
Independence activist and first Prime Minister
1957
Govind Ballabh Pant(1887-1961)
Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
1958
Dhondo Keshav Karve(1858-1962)
Educator and Social Reformer
1961
Bidhan Chandra Roy(1882-1962)
Physician and Chief Minister of West Bengal

Purushottam Das Tandon(1882-1962)
Independent activist and Educator
1962
Rajendra Prasad(1884-1963)
Independent activist,Jurist and First President of India(1950-62)
1963
Zakir Hussain(1897-1969)
Independent activist and 3rd President of India(1967-69)

Pandurang Vaman Kane(1880-1972)
Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
1966
Lal Bahadur Shastri(1904-66)
Posthumous, independence activist, 2nd Prime Minister(1964-66)
1971
Indira Gandhi(1917-84)
Third Prime Minister, first female Prime Minister of India (1966-1977,1980-1984)
1975
V V Giri(1894-1980)
Trade unionist and fourth President of India(1969-74)
1976
K Kamaraj(1903-75)
Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu State(1954-63)

1980
Mother Theresa(1910-97)
Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta and Nobel Laureate
1983
Vinoba Bhave(1895-1982)
Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist
1987
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan(1890-1988)
First non-citizen, independence activist
1988
M G Ramachandran(1917-87)
Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu(1977-87)
1990
B R Ambedkhar(1891-1956)
Posthumous, Chief architect of the Indian Constitution,Crusader against Untouchability, Dalit Icon, Social Reformer, Historian, politician, economist, and scholar

Nelson Mandela(1918-2013)
Second non-citizen and non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement and Nobel Laureate
1991
Rajiv Gandhi(1944-91)
Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister(1984-89)

Vallabhbhai Patel(1875-1950)
Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister,Was responsible for unification of all Indian princely states.

Morarji Desai(1896-1995)
Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister(1977-79)
1992
Abul Kalam Azad(1888-1958)
Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of Education

J R D Tata(1903-93)
Industrialist and philanthropist

Satyajit Ray(1922-92)
Bengali Filmmaker
1997
A P J Abdul Kalam(DOB Oct 15,1931)
Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India(2002-07)

Gulzarilal Nanda(1898-1998)
Independence activist, interim Prime Minister(Jan 11-24,1966)

Aruna Asaf Ali(1908-96)
Posthumous, independence activist
1998
M S Subbulakshmi(1916-2004)
Carnatic classical singer

C Subramaniam(1910-2000)
Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture

Jayaprakash Narayan(1902-79)
Posthumous, independence activist and politician
1999
Ravi Shankar(1920-2012)
Sitar Player

Amartya Sen(DOB Nov 03,1933)
Economist and Nobel Laureate in 1998

Gopinath Bordoloi(1890-1950)
Posthumous, independence activist and 1st Chief Minister of Assam
2001
Lata Mangeshkar(DOB Sep 28,1929)
Playback Singer

Bismillah Khan(1916-2006)
Hindustani Classical Shehnai Player
2009
BhimsenJoshi(1922-2011)
Hindustani Classical Singer
2014
Sachin Tendulkar(DOB April 24,1973)
Cricket Player

Dr C N R Rao(DOB June 30,1934)
Scientist






 

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